Latin 2
Wednesday, January 07, 2004
Latin 2 - 1/7
Idem, eadem, idem
Singular m, f, n, Plural: m, f, n
Nominative Singular: i-dem, ea-dem, i-dem,
Accusative Singular: eun-dem, ean-dem, i-dem
Genitive Singular: eius-dem, eius-dem, eius-dem
Dative Singular: ei-dem, ei-dem, ei-dem Plural:
Ablative Singular: eo-dem, ea-dem, eo-dem
Nominative Plural: ei-dem, eae-dem, ea-dem
Accusative Plural: eos-dem, eas-dem, eos-dem
Genitive Plural: eorum-dem, earum-dem, eorum-dem
Dative Plural: eis-dem, eis-dem, eis-dem
Ablative Plural: eis-dem, eis-dem, eis-dem
Nemo, neminis 3m or 3f
* only singular
Nominative: nemo
Accusative: neminem
Genitive: nullius (neminis)
Dative: nemini
Ablative: nullo (nemine)
Adverb review
* adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
* indicates manner, number, etc.
* to form 1st/2nd declension adverbs, adjective's stem + e
* to form 3rd declension adverbs: stem + (i)ter
* i.e. 1st/2nd: miser, a, um => misere, sever, severa, severum => severe
* i.e. 3rd: celer, celeris, celere => celeriter, brevis => breviter
* Adverbs also have three degrees: Positive, Comparative, and Superlative
Comparative degree Adverbs
* to form => neuter singular nominative adjective in comparative degree
* i.e. miser => miserius, celer => celerius, sever => severius, brevis => brevius
Superlative degree Adverbs
* to form => stem of the adjective in superlative degree + e (like 1st/2nd declension adverb)
* i.e. miser => miserrime, brevis => brevissime
The Ablative of Instrumental Aid or Means
* shows the instrument by which or with which an action is done.
* with his fists
* don't need a preposition i.e. pugnis me verberat - he beats me with his fists.
Sentence
* On that night, Mercury beats Sosia, a man of no wisdom about to tell all things about the victory of Amphitruo to Alcumena, most boldly with his fists.
* illa (ea) nocte, Mercurius Sosiam, virum (appositive keeps the acc. case) nulla sapientia (ablative of description) dicturum (locuturum, nuntiaturum) omnia de victoria Amphitruonis Alcumenae, audacissime pugnis suis verberat.
Reading
* nunc ego in aedis intraturus sum et domini facta narraturus. - Now I am about to enter into the house and about to tell the deeds of the master.
* numquam fortiorem vidi. - I've never seen anyone stronger.
* minime placet. - This is pleasing least of all.
* certe hospitum meum pugneum erit. - Certainly my reception will be a fist.
* magnum est pondus huic pagno, sed maius pondus illi. - The weight to this fist is great, but the weight to that one is greater.
* pugnis me accipere vult. - He wishes to welcome me with fists.
* si quis huc veniet, pugnos edet. - If anyone will come here, he will eat the fists.
* si hic pugnus os tanget, exossatum erit. - If this fist will touch a face it will be de-boned.
* nescioquis hic loquitur - someone is speaking here.
* nam nomen mihi non nescioquis sed Sosia est. - For the name to me is not someone (else) but is Sosia.
* quo iturus es, miserrime? - Where are you about to go, most wretched one?
* cuius servus es? - Whose slave are you?
* cur in has aedis intraturus, tecum silenter loqueris? - Why are you about to enter into this house speaking to yourself silently?
* nam haec iussit dominus meus. - For my master ordered this.
Tuesday, January 06, 2004
Latin 2 - 1/6
Deponent: Passive Perfect Participle
Perfect Participles
* hortor (1) => hortatus, a, um - having encouraged
* videor (2) => visus, a, um - having seemed
* sequor (3) => secutus, a, um - having followed
* patior (3/4) => passus, a, um - having endured
* mentior (4) => mentitus, a, um - having lied
Active Verbs: 4th Principle Part - Perfect Participle Passive
General Rules for forming Perfect Participle Passive
* 1st conjugation - rogo => present active indicative - (re) + (us, a, um) = rogatus, a, um
* 2nd conjugation - moneo => present active indicative - (re), change the e into i + (us, a, um) = monitus, a, um
* 4th conjugation - audio => present active indicative - (re) + (us, a, um) = auditus, a, um
Unpredictable principle parts
Perfect participle ending in -ct-us, a, um
1st p.p, 2nd p.p. 3rd p.p. 4th p.p
a) -c(i)o
* duco (3), ducere, duxi, ductus - having been led
* dico (3), dicere, dixi, dictus - having been spoken
* facio (3/4), facere, feci, factus - having been made, done
* perficio (3/4), perficere, perfeci, perfectus - having been completed
b) -nc-o
* vinco (3), vincere, vici, victus - having been conquered
c) -g-o
* ago (3), agere, egi, actus - having been done
* lego (3), legere, legi, lectus - having been read
d) -qu-o
* coquo (3), coquere, coxi, coctus - having been cooked
Perfect Participle ending in -st-us, a, um
-ro
* gero (3), gerere, gessi, gestus - having been waged, done,
Perfect participle ending in -pt-us, a, um
a) -p(i)o
* capio (3/4), capere, cepi, captus - having been taken, captured
* decipio (3/4), decipere, decepi, deceptus - having been deceived
b) -bo
* (ad)scribo (3), scribere, scripsi, scriptus - having been written
Perfect participle ending in -(n)sus, -(s)sus
a) -tto
* mitto (2), mittere, misi, missus - having been sent
b) -do
* defendo (3), defendere, defendi, defensus - having been defended
c) -deo
* video (2), videre, vidi, visus - having been heard
* irrideo (2), irridere, irrisi, irrisus - having been laughed at
* possideo (2), possidere, possedi, possessus - having been possessed
* respondeo (2), respondere, respondi, respondum - having been responded (INTRANSITIVE VERB always neuter)
d) -mo
* opprimo, opprimere, oppressi, oppressus - having been caught, surprised, crushed
e) other -eo
* iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus - having been ordered
* maneo, manere, mansi, mansus - having been stayed
Perfect participle ending in -itus
a) -d-o
* credo (3), credere, credidi, creditum - having been believed (INTRANSITIVE VERB)
* dedo (3), dedere, dedidi, deditus - having been surrendered
* reddo (3), reddere, reddidi, redditus - having been returned
Perfect participle ending in -utus, -otus
-u-(e)o
* soluo (3), soluere, solui, solutus - having been released, paid
* moueo (2), mouere, moui, motus - having been moved
* adiuuo (1), adiuuare, adiuui, adiutus - having been helped
Perfect participle ending in -tus added to a plain stem
* do (1), dare, dedi, datus - having been given
* sto (1), stare, steti, stetum (INTRANSITIVE VERB)
* (in)venio (4), -venire, -veni, ventum
* vincio (4), vincire, vinxi, vinctus - having been bound
* fugio (3/4), fugere, fugi, fugiturus (NO PAST PARTICIPLE, FUTURE PARTICIPLE USED)
* sino (3), sinere, siui, situs - having been allowed
* deleo (2), delere, deleui, deletus - having been destroyed
* -sum (IRR), esse, fui, futurus (NO PAST PARTICIPLE, FUTURE PARTICIPLE USED)
* fero (3), ferre, tuli, latus - having been carried
* aufero (3), auferre, abstuli, ablatus - having been taken away
* -eo, -ire, -iui or -ii, itum - having been gone (INTRANSITIVE VERB)
Future Participle Active + Deponent
* meaning "about to -," intending to -," on the point of -ing"
* always active in meaning.
* to form the future participle active, go to the 4th principle part - (us, a, um) + (urus, ura, urum)
* to form the future participle deponent, go to the 3rd principle part - (us, a, um) + (urus, ura, urum)
* Participle - a verb acting as an adjective
Examples of the Future Participle Active + Deponent
* rogo => rogaturus - about to ask
* moneo => moniturus - about to warn
* duco => ducturus - about to lead
* capio => capturus - about to capture, take
* audio => auditurus - about to hear
* hortor => hortaturus - about to encourage
* videor => visurus - about to seem
* sequor => secuturus - about to follow
* patior => passurus - about to endure
* mentior => mentiturus - about to lie
Sentences
1) Mercury is about to arrive at Amphitruo's house.
* is about to arrive - nominative singular masculine - perventurus est
* arrive - pervenio
* ad Amphitruonis aedis Mercurius perventurus est.
2) The wives are about to arrive at Amphitruo's house.
* are about to arrive - nominative plural feminine - perventurae sunt
* ad Amphitruonis aedis uxores perventurae sunt.
3) He sees the women about to arrive at Amphitruo's house.
* about to arrive - accusative plural feminine - perventuras (NO SUNT because it's about to arrive, not are about to arrive)
* ad Amphitruonis aedis (mulieres) perventuras videt.
* mulieres is not needed because perventuras implies they are women
Reading
* estne omnia de ea victoria Amphitruonis dicturus? - Is he about to tell everything about that victory of Amphrituo?
* immo vero ille non est sui similior quam ego - More precisely, truly that man is not more similar to himself than I.
* mores simillimos habebo - I will have the most similar character.
* igitur ego malus, callididus, astutus ero. - Therefore I will be bad (malus), cunning (callididus), and tricky (astutus).
* et malitia, dolis, astutiis, fallaciis, ui eum ab his aedibus celerrime abigam. - with evil, tricks, astuteness, deception, and force (ui) I will drive him away from that house.
Monday, January 05, 2004
Deponent Verbs Review
1. hortor (1), hortaris, hortatur, hortamur, hortamini, hortantur
hortabor, hortaberis, hortabitur, hortabimur, hortabimini, hortabuntur
hortatus, a, um: sum, es, est, hortati, ae, a: sumus, estis, sunt
2. videor (2), videris, videtur, videmur, videmini, videntur
videbor, videberis, videbitur, videbimur, videbimini, videbuntur
visus, a, um: sum, es, est, visi, ae, a: sumus, estis, sunt
3. sequor (3), sequeris, sequitur, sequimur, sequimini, sequuntur
sequar, sequeris, sequetur, sequemur, sequemini, sequentur
secutus, a, um: sum, es, est, secuti, ae, a: sumus, estis, sunt
4. patior (3/4), pateris, patitur, patimur, patimini, patiuntur
patiar, patieris, patietur, patiemur, patiemini, patientur
5. mentior (4), mentiris, mentitur, mentimur, mentimini, mentiuntur
mentiar, mentieris, mentietur, mentiemur, mentiemini, mentientur
mentitus, a, um: sum, es, est, mentiti, ae, a: sumus, estis, sunt
Active Verbs review
1st singular, 2nd s. 3rd s. 1st plural, 2nd pl. 3rd pl.
1. Present: rogo (1), rogas, rogat, rogamus, rogatis, rogant
Future: rogabo, rogabis, rogabit, rogabimus, rogabitis, rogabunt
Perfect: rogaui, rogauisti, rogauit, rogauimus, rogauistis, rogauerunt
2. moneo (2), mones, monet, monemus, monetis, monent
monebo, monebis, monebit, monebimus, monebitis, monebunt
monui, monuisti, monuit, monuimus, monuistis, monuerunt
3. duco (3), ducis, ducit, ducimus, ducitis, ducunt
ducam, duces, ducet, ducemus, ducetis, ducent
duxi, duxisti, duxit, duximus, duxistis, duxerunt
4. capio (3/4), capis, capit, capimus, capitis, capiunt
capiam, capies, capiet, capiemus, capietis, capient
cepi, cepisti, cepit, cepimus, cepistis, ceperunt
5. scio (4), scis, scit, scimus, scitis, sciunt
sciam, scies, sciet, sciemus, scietis, scient
sciui (scii), sciuisti, sciuit, sciuimus, sciuistis, sciuerunt
Latin 2 - 1/5/04
Noun & Adjective review
long vowels will be in bold since I don't know how to do the macron...
Order: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative singular,
nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative plural
1. magna victoria, magnam victoriam, magnae victoriae, magna victoria,
magnae victoriae, magnas victorias, magnarum victoriarum, magnis victoris (dat/abl pl.)
2. ille servus, illum servum, illius servi, illi servo, illo servo,
illi servi, illos servos, illorum servorum illis servis (dat/abl pl.)
3. ingens periculum (nom/acc s.), ingentis periculi, ingenti periculo (dat/abl s.) ingentia pericula (nom/acc. pl), ingentium periculorum, ingentibus periculis (dat/abl pl)
4. acer homo, acrem hominem, acris hominis, acri homini, acri homine,
acres homines, acris homines, acrium hominum, acribus hominibus (dat/abl pl.)
5. tacita nox, tacitam noctem, tacitiae noctis, tacitiae nocti tacita nocte,
tacitae noctes, tacitas noctis, tacitarum noctium, tacitis noctibus
6. hic exercitus, hunc exercitum, huius exercitus, huic exercitui, hoc exercitu,
hi exercitus, hos exercitus, horum exercituum, his exercitibus (dat/abl pl.)
7. omnis res, omnem rem, omnis rei, omni rei, omni re,
omnes res, omnis res, omnium rerum, omnibus rebus (dat/abl pl.)
Thursday, December 25, 2003
